{"id":2607,"date":"2023-01-27T21:16:05","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T21:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/?p=2607"},"modified":"2023-01-27T21:16:05","modified_gmt":"2023-01-27T21:16:05","slug":"apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/","title":{"rendered":"Apache Webserver Log nas\u0131l analiz edilir ve yorumlan\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Makale \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler Tablosunu A\u00e7\/Kapat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#How_to_analyze_and_interpret_Apache_Webserver_Log\" >How to analyze and interpret Apache Webserver Log<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#Yazilim_Gereksinimleri_ve_Kullanilan_Kurallar\" >Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Gereksinimleri ve Kullan\u0131lan Kurallar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#Apache_gunluk_dosyalari_ve_konumlari\" >Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 ve konumlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#Apache_gunluk_bicimlendirme\" >Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck bi\u00e7imlendirme<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#Apache_gunluk_yapilandirmasi\" >Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#Log_yonergeleri\" >Log y\u00f6nergeleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#Apache_gunluk_kaydi_modulleri\" >Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 mod\u00fclleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/apache-webserver-log-nasil-analiz-edilir-ve-yorumlanir\/#Sonuc\" >Sonu\u00e7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"entry-sub-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_analyze_and_interpret_Apache_Webserver_Log\"><\/span>How to analyze and interpret Apache Webserver Log<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Apache web sunucular\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00fcnl\u00fck olu\u015fturabilir.\u00a0Bu g\u00fcnl\u00fckler, Apache\u2019nin i\u015fledi\u011fi ve yan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 HTTP istekleri ve Apache\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc di\u011fer etkinlikler gibi bilgileri i\u00e7erir.\u00a0G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri analiz etmek, Apache\u2019yi y\u00f6netmenin ve beklendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu k\u0131lavuzda, Apache\u2019de bulunan farkl\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 se\u00e7eneklerini ve bu g\u00fcnl\u00fck verilerini nas\u0131l yorumlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irece\u011fiz.\u00a0Apache\u2019nin \u00fcretti\u011fi g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri nas\u0131l analiz edece\u011finizi ve Apache\u2019nin ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda size en alakal\u0131 verileri vermek i\u00e7in g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu makalede \u015funlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Apache web sunucusu g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n ve anlay\u0131n<\/li>\n<li>Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck seviyeleri nelerdir<\/li>\n<li>Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck bi\u00e7imlendirmesi ve anlam\u0131 nas\u0131l yorumlan\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>En yayg\u0131n Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 nelerdir<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 adli verileri i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde geni\u015fletme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"h1-software-requirements-and-conventions-used\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yazilim_Gereksinimleri_ve_Kullanilan_Kurallar\"><\/span>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Gereksinimleri ve Kullan\u0131lan Kurallar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped uk-table-condensed\">\n<caption>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Gereksinimleri ve Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Kurallar\u0131<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>KATEGOR\u0130<\/th>\n<th>GEREKS\u0130N\u0130MLER, KURALLAR VEYA KULLANILAN YAZILIM S\u00dcR\u00dcM\u00dc<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"uk-text-primary uk-text-bold\">Sistem<\/td>\n<td>Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, RHEL, Fedora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"uk-text-primary uk-text-bold\">Yaz\u0131l\u0131m<\/td>\n<td>Apache Web Sunucusu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"uk-text-primary uk-text-bold\">Di\u011fer<\/td>\n<td>Linux sisteminize k\u00f6k olarak veya\u00a0<code>sudo<\/code>komut\u00a0arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 eri\u015fim\u00a0.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"uk-text-primary uk-text-bold\">S\u00f6zle\u015fmeler<\/td>\n<td><b>#<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 verilen\u00a0linux komutlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0ya do\u011frudan bir k\u00f6k kullan\u0131c\u0131 olarak ya da\u00a0<b>$<\/b><code>sudo<\/code>\u00a0komutunun\u00a0kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla root ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini\u00a0gerektirir \u2013 verilen\u00a0linux komutlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0normal bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan kullan\u0131c\u0131 olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini\u00a0gerektirir<br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"h2-apache-log-files-and-their-location\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apache_gunluk_dosyalari_ve_konumlari\"><\/span>Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 ve konumlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Apache iki farkl\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>access.log<\/strong>\u00a0, Apache\u2019ye gelen t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131 istekleri hakk\u0131ndaki bilgileri depolar.\u00a0Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 web sitenizi her ziyaret etti\u011finde, buraya kaydedilir.\u00a0Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fi her sayfa ayr\u0131ca ayr\u0131 bir giri\u015f olarak g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydedilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>error.log<\/strong>\u00a0, Apache\u2019nin i\u015flemi boyunca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatalarla ilgili bilgileri depolar.\u00a0\u0130deal olarak, bu dosya nispeten bo\u015f kalmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-519 size-large lazyautosizes lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-1024x638.png\" sizes=\"708px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-1024x638.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-768x479.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log.png 1433w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"638\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-1024x638.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-1024x638.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log-768x479.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.sunucucozumleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/02-how-to-analyze-and-interpret-apache-log.png 1433w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data- title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n konumu, hangi Apache s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za ve hangi Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olabilir.\u00a0Apache, bu dosyalar\u0131 varsay\u0131lan olmayan ba\u015fka bir konumda depolayacak \u015fekilde de yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak, varsay\u0131lan olarak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki dizinlerden birinde eri\u015fim ve hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini bulabilmeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\/var\/log\/apache\/<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>\/etc\/httpd\/logs\/<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"h3-apache-log-formatting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apache_gunluk_bicimlendirme\"><\/span>Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck bi\u00e7imlendirme<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Apache, hangi bilgilerin g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydedilece\u011fini ve her g\u00fcnl\u00fck giri\u015finin nas\u0131l sunulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmenize olanak tan\u0131r; bu e\u011fitimde daha sonra bunlar\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Apache\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck giri\u015flerini sunmak i\u00e7in izledi\u011fi genel bi\u00e7im \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre>\"%h %l %u %t \\\"%r\\\" %&gt;s %O \\\"%{Referer}i\\\" \\\"%{User-Agent}i\\\"\"\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Bu bi\u00e7imlendirmenin nas\u0131l yorumlanaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>% h<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u0130stemcinin IP adresi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>% l<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Bu, istemcide onlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u2018identd\u2019 dir.\u00a0Bu alan genellikle bo\u015ftur ve k\u0131sa \u00e7izgi olarak sunulur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>% u<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 HTTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, istemcinin kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimli\u011fi.\u00a0De\u011filse, g\u00fcnl\u00fck giri\u015fi bu alan i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u015fey g\u00f6stermez.<\/li>\n<li><strong>% t<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 G\u00fcnl\u00fck giri\u015finin zaman damgas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\\% r \\<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u0130stemciden gelen istek sat\u0131r\u0131.\u00a0Bu, hangi HTTP y\u00f6nteminin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (GET veya POST gibi), hangi dosyan\u0131n talep edildi\u011fini ve hangi HTTP protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>%&gt; s<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u0130stemciye d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen durum kodu.\u00a04xx kodlar\u0131 (404, sayfa bulunamad\u0131 gibi) istemci hatalar\u0131n\u0131 ve 5xx kodlar\u0131 (500, dahili <a href=\"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/frontpage\/\">sunucu<\/a> hatas\u0131 gibi) sunucu hatalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.\u00a0Di\u011fer say\u0131lar ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 (200, OK gibi) veya y\u00f6nlendirme gibi ba\u015fka bir \u015feyi (301, kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi) g\u00f6stermelidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>% O<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u0130stenen dosyan\u0131n (ba\u015fl\u0131klar dahil) bayt cinsinden boyutu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\\ \u201c% {Referer} i \\\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Varsa y\u00f6nlendiren ba\u011flant\u0131.\u00a0Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sayfan\u0131za nas\u0131l gitti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir (i\u00e7 veya d\u0131\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131dan).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\\ \u201c% {User-Agent} i \\\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Bu, ba\u011flanan istemcinin web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fletim sistemi hakk\u0131nda bilgi i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Eri\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki tipik bir giri\u015f \u015funa benzer:<\/p>\n<pre>10.10.220.3 - - [17 \/ Ara \/ 2019: 23: 05: 32 -0500] \"GET \/products\/index.php HTTP \/ 1.1\" 200 5015 \"http:\/\/example.com\/products\/index.php\" \" Mozilla \/ 5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit \/ 537.36 (KHTML, Gecko gibi) Chrome \/ 79.0.3945.79 Safari \/ 537.36 \"<\/pre>\n<p>Hata g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biraz daha basittir ve yorumlanmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r. Tipik bir giri\u015f \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir:<\/p>\n<pre>[Mon Dec 16 06: 29: 16.613789 2019] [php7: error] [pid 2095] [client 10.10.244.61:24145] script '\/var\/www\/html\/settings.php' bulunamad\u0131 veya stat yap\u0131lam\u0131yor\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Bu, 404ziyaret\u00e7ilerinizin ka\u00e7 hata ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmenin iyi bir yoludur ve sitenizdeki baz\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131lara dair ipucu verebilir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, eksik kaynaklar veya olas\u0131 sunucu sorunlar\u0131 konusunda sizi uyarabilir. Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnek *.php, istenen ancak eksik olan bir sayfay\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir .<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h4-apache-log-configuration\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apache_gunluk_yapilandirmasi\"><\/span>Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Apache\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir ve birka\u00e7 yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndan ayarlanabilir.\u00a0Ubuntu ve Debian\u2019da, Apache\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 i\u00e7in ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 burada bulunur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>Virtual Hosts<\/code>Tek bir Apache \u00f6rne\u011finden\u00a0birden \u00e7ok web sitesini (olarak an\u0131l\u0131r\u00a0)\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011finiz i\u00e7in\u00a0, her birini ayr\u0131 eri\u015fim ve hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine sahip olacak \u015fekilde de yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.\u00a0Bu ayr\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l adland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve nereye kaydedilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in bu dosyay\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default.conf<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>CentOS, RHEL ve Fedora\u2019da, s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015fu konumlarda iki yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 bulunur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>\/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/<\/b>\u00a0(bu dizine ek VirtualHost yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirin)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"h5-log-directives\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Log_yonergeleri\"><\/span>Log y\u00f6nergeleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bu dosyalar\u0131n i\u00e7inde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131labilecek epeyce farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nerge vard\u0131r, ancak Apache\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmek istiyorsan\u0131z, ilgilenmeniz gereken ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00f6nergeler bunlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CustomLog<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Eri\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dosyas\u0131n\u0131n nerede sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ErrorLog<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Hata g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dosyas\u0131n\u0131n nerede sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>LogLevel<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydedilmesi i\u00e7in bir olay\u0131n ne kadar ciddi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini tan\u0131mlar (daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131y\u0131 okuyun).<\/li>\n<li><strong>LogFormat<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Eri\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki her bir giri\u015fin nas\u0131l bi\u00e7imlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini tan\u0131mlay\u0131n (daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131y\u0131 okuyun).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>LogLevel<\/strong><code>warn<\/code>\u00a0varsay\u0131lan\u00a0olarak ayarlan\u0131r\u00a0, bu, uyar\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda veya daha ciddi olaylarda hata g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yazaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.\u00a0Hata g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz bir s\u00fcr\u00fc zarars\u0131z uyar\u0131 mesaj\u0131yla doluysa, onu\u00a0<code>error<\/code>sadece hatalar\u0131 veya daha ciddi sorunlar\u0131 bildirecek\u00a0\u015fekilde y\u00fckseltebilirsiniz\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer se\u00e7enekler (\u015fiddetinin s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re)\u00a0<code>crit<\/code>,\u00a0<code>alert<\/code>ve\u00a0<code>emerg<\/code>.\u00a0Apache, en az\u0131ndan crit d\u00fczeyinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir.\u00a0Hata ay\u0131klama amac\u0131yla, ge\u00e7ici olarak ayarlayabilirsiniz\u00a0<strong>LogLevel<\/strong>\u00a0i\u00e7in\u00a0<code>debug<\/code>, ancak hata g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde giri\u015flerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 zor bir miktar\u0131 ile sona erebilir unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LogFormat<\/strong>\u00a0, eri\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki giri\u015flerin nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnece\u011fini ayarlaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.\u00a0\u00d6rnek giri\u015fi bulursan\u0131z\u00a0<code>access.log<\/code>(Yukar\u0131daki\u00a0Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck bi\u00e7imlendirme<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h6-apache-logging-modules\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apache_gunluk_kaydi_modulleri\"><\/span>Apache g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 mod\u00fclleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u015eimdiye kadar bu k\u0131lavuzda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\u00a0<code>mod_log_config<\/code>Apache mod\u00fcl\u00fcyle\u00a0ilgilidir\u00a0.\u00a0G\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flevini daha da geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in di\u011fer g\u00fcnl\u00fckleme mod\u00fcllerini Apache\u2019ye y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz.\u00a0Bu, varsay\u0131lan ayarlarla kullan\u0131lamayan baz\u0131 daha fazla \u00f6zellik sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>mod_log_forensic<\/strong>\u00a0, istekten \u00f6nce (ba\u015fl\u0131klar ilk al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydetmeye ba\u015flar ve istekten sonra yeniden g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydeder.\u00a0Bu, her istek i\u00e7in iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck giri\u015fi olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu ve bir y\u00f6neticinin yan\u0131t s\u00fcrelerini daha hassas bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7mesine olanak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.\u00a0Y\u00f6nerge<\/p>\n<p>ile adli g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn yerini tan\u0131mlay\u0131n\u00a0<code>CustomLog<\/code>.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<pre>CustomLog $ {APACHE_LOG_DIR} \/forensic.log adli<\/pre>\n<p><strong>mod_logio<\/strong>\u00a0, her iste\u011fe g\u00f6nderilen ve al\u0131nan bayt say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydeder.\u00a0Her iste\u011fin \u00fcstbilgisinde ve g\u00f6vdesinde bulunan verilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra SSL \/ TLS \u015fifreli ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in gereken ekstra verileri de sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok do\u011fru bilgiler sa\u011flar.\u00a0Bu mod\u00fcl taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan ekstra verilerden\u00a0yararlanmak<\/p>\n<p>i\u00e7in\u00a0<code>%I<\/code>ve\u00a0<code>O%<\/code>yer tutucular\u0131\u00a0<code>LogFormat<\/code>y\u00f6nergeye\u00a0ekleyin\u00a0.\u00a0Di\u011fer mod\u00fcller mevcuttur;\u00a0bunlar en kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olanlardan sadece ikisi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"h7-conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sonuc\"><\/span>Sonu\u00e7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bu makalede Apache\u2019nin eri\u015fim ve hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin nas\u0131l analiz edilip yorumlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca, g\u00fcnl\u00fck verilerini daha alakal\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in Apache\u2019nin yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6zelle\u015ftirece\u011fimizi de \u00f6\u011frendik.\u00a0Bu bilgiyle donanm\u0131\u015f olarak, sorunlar\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde izole edebilir ve Apache ile sorunlar\u0131 giderebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Apache\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck tutma i\u015flevinin di\u011fer g\u00fcnl\u00fckleme mod\u00fclleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla daha da geni\u015fletilebilece\u011fini unutmay\u0131n, ancak bu yaln\u0131zca geli\u015fmi\u015f hata ay\u0131klama gerektiren u\u00e7 durumlarda gereklidir.\u00a0b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc) biraz kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olsa da, yaln\u0131z de\u011filsiniz.\u00a0Apache, g\u00fcnl\u00fck giri\u015flerinin bi\u00e7imini \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmenize olanak tan\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece onlar\u0131 daha mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ayarlayabilirsiniz.\u00a0Bu \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeyi, alakas\u0131z bulabilece\u011finiz belirli bilgileri hari\u00e7 tutmak i\u00e7in de kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to analyze and interpret Apache Webserver Log Apache web sunucular\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00fcnl\u00fck olu\u015fturabilir.\u00a0Bu g\u00fcnl\u00fckler, Apache\u2019nin i\u015fledi\u011fi ve yan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 HTTP istekleri ve Apache\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc di\u011fer etkinlikler gibi bilgileri i\u00e7erir.\u00a0G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri analiz etmek, Apache\u2019yi y\u00f6netmenin ve beklendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u0131lavuzda, Apache\u2019de bulunan farkl\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kayd\u0131 se\u00e7eneklerini ve bu g\u00fcnl\u00fck verilerini nas\u0131l &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2607"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2607\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunucucozumleri.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}